It seems not a day goes by that the headlines don’t contain a sensational story about some celebrity couple going through a divorce. But even if your names aren’t Angelina and Brad, there are major considerations to take into account.
The decision for a married couple to legally part ways is an emotional one that can take its toll not only on the couple, but on their children, family, friends and others in their life.
Especially when it comes to kids, the emotional cost should be first and foremost on their mind as the couple makes this difficult life choice.
However, not far behind the emotional and family issues are the financial ramifications of divorce. Like any major life event, failing to plan and to take into account the financial issues of divorce can leave one or both spouses needlessly in a bad financial position after the split is finalized.
Therefore, in this article, I’m going to share with you some things you can do up front to help minimize the financial hit of a divorce.
Gather Documents and Financial Information
Findlaw.com offers this comprehensive checklist of items to gather:
| _______ | Individual income tax returns for the past three to five years (federal, state and local) |
| _______ | Business income tax returns for the past three to five years (federal, state and local) |
| _______ | Proof of your current income |
| _______ | Proof of spouse’s current income |
| _______ | Prenuptial agreement |
| _______ | Separation agreement |
| _______ | Bank statements |
| _______ | Certificates of deposit |
| _______ | Pension statements |
| _______ | Retirement account statements |
| _______ | Trusts |
| _______ | Stock portfolios |
| _______ | Stock options |
| _______ | Mortgages |
| _______ | Property tax statements |
| _______ | Credit card statements |
| _______ | Loan documents |
| _______ | Utility bills |
| _______ | Other bills (e.g., school tuition, unreimbursed medical bills, music lessons for children, etc.) |
| _______ | Monthly budget worksheet |
| _______ | Completed financial statements |
| _______ | Employment contracts |
| _______ | Benefits statements |
| _______ | Life insurance policies |
| _______ | Health insurance policies |
| _______ | Homeowner’s insurance policies |
| _______ | Automobile insurance policies |
| _______ | Personal property appraisals |
| _______ | Real property appraisals |
| _______ | Inventory of personal property, including home furnishings, jewelry, artwork, computers, home office equipment, clothing and furs, etc. |
| _______ | List of property owned by each spouse prior to marriage |
| _______ | List of property acquired by each spouse individually by gift or inheritance during the marriage |
| _______ | Inventory of contents of safe deposit boxes |
| _______ | Wills |
| _______ | Living Wills |
| _______ | Powers of Attorney |
| _______ | Durable Powers of Attorney |
| _______ | Advanced Healthcare Directives |
Not everything on this list will be applicable, and there may even be other items you’ll need, depending upon your situation.
It is important for both spouses to have a complete picture of the couple’s financial situation, including all assets, liabilities and sources of income, to come to a fair and equitable division of their property, as well as a fair amount for alimony and child support if applicable.
Hire Appropriate Professional Help
Of course, at the outset of the process you will want to have an attorney who specializes in divorce. But you should also strongly consider hiring a financial advisor to help with the financial settlement.
Ideally, if the process is fairly amicable, the two of you can go through a collaborative divorce. This generally entails each spouse hiring their own attorney and perhaps engaging a mediator to work out an acceptable settlement and to process the needed papers to end the marriage. This process saves money and is not contentious.
You might also consider hiring a financial planner specializing in divorce. Generally, these planners participate in the settlement process and help craft a financial settlement that is as mutually beneficial as possible. And they usually agree not to work with either party post-divorce.
But if the process is more contentious, each party should engage their own financial advisor to help them determine the best financial settlement for their situation. If you worked with a financial advisor as a couple, you will want to decide if this person can represent your best interests or if a new financial advisor is needed.
Even if you are used to doing your own financial planning, the perspective of an independent financial professional can be a big help during this stressful and emotional process.
Alimony and Child Support
Depending upon the relative financial position of each spouse, the higher-earning spouse might be required to pay alimony to the other spouse. Alimony is tax-deductible by the spouse paying it and taxable to the recipient.
If there are minor children involved, the parent with primary custody of the children might be awarded child support for the children. Child support payments are not tax-deductible for either the parent making the payment or the spouse receiving the payment on behalf of the minor children.
When couples are married and file joint tax returns, there is no issue regarding being able to claim the children as dependents with the accompanying tax benefits. However, in the case of parent who are divorced or separated, the parent with primary custody generally receives the benefit of the dependent deduction. This can be modified based on the terms of the divorce.
Retirement Plans and Social Security
Retirement plans, such as pensions or 401(k)s, can be a sticky issue to resolve. This is especially true if one spouse has been the primary breadwinner, leaving the other at a severe disadvantage in preparing for their retirement without some equitable division of these assets.
A QDRO (qualified domestic relations order) grants one spouse rights to a portion of the other spouse’s retirement plan benefits. If one spouse is looking to receive a portion of the other spouse’s retirement benefits, it is important to obtain a QDRO as part of the divorce settlement.
There are several Social Security considerations after divorce. If you were married for at least 10 years, are at least 62 years old and do not remarry, you may be eligible to collect a benefit based upon your ex-spouse’s earnings record.
Get Your Individual Financial House in Order
Living as a single person is different financially than living as a married couple. There is only one income available to maintain a household. And there are no “discounts” because you are newly single. Likewise, you are now solely responsible for saving for your own retirement.
Divorce means there are some financial-related details to attend to:
- Adjusting your will and estate planning documents as appropriate. You will likely want to leave your assets and possessions to somebody other than your ex-spouse.
- Changing the beneficiaries on accounts and insurance policies. If you have retirement accounts such as an IRA or a 401(k) at work, you might want to change the beneficiary to someone other than your ex-spouse. Likewise with any life insurance policies or annuities. All of these accounts pass to your heirs, based upon the beneficiary designation. This is especially critical if you remarry down the road.
- Changing passwords on your online accounts. This is not to say your ex-spouse is out to steal your money, but this is a good practice nonetheless.
- Retitling assets and accounts to your name if they were owned jointly in the past. This includes your house and other real estate, bank and financial accounts, credit cards, automobiles and anything else that is applicable.
- Establishing credit in your own name if you haven’t done this already while married.
This is just a sample of the issues potentially involved with getting your financial house in order to move forward as a newly single person. Additional items will depend upon your situation.
Have a Plan
Once the divorce is finalized, it is important to have a plan for your finances going forward. Certainly, a full-boat financial plan including retirement, your investments, paying for college (if applicable) and all of the other elements of a comprehensive financial plan are in order.
However, beyond this, make sure you are comfortable with the new realities of your day-to-day financial picture. This is especially important if you were not the spouse who handled the finances when you were married.
Divorce can be tough in many more ways than one, but the right planning and the right help can remove a lot of the stress you may feel both financially and emotionally.
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